{"A Levels": {"components": ["11", "12", "13", "21", "22", "23", "31", "32", "33", "41", "42", "43", "51", "52", "53", "61", "62", "63"], "levels": ["AS level", "A level"], "subjects": [{"name": "English General Paper (8021)", "topics": ["Economic, historical, moral, political, and social issues", "Science, including its history, philosophy, ethics, general principles, and applications", "Environmental issues", "Technology and mathematics", "Literature, language, arts, crafts, and the media"]}, {"name": "Mathematics (9709)", "topics": ["Binomial Expansion", "Circular Measure", "Complex Numbers", "Coordinate Geometry", "Differential Equations", "Differentiation", "Discrete Random Variables", "Energy, Work, and Power", "Exponential and Logarithmic Functions", "Forces and Newton\u2019s Laws", "Functions", "Further Calculus", "Hypothesis Testing", "Integration", "Integration Techniques (e.g., by parts, substitution)", "Kinematics", "Linear Combinations of Random Variables", "Mechanics", "Normal Distribution", "Numerical Methods", "Parametric Differentiation", "Permutations and Combinations", "Poisson Distribution", "Probability", "Probability and Statistics (Extension)", "Quadratics", "Representation of Data", "Series", "The Normal Distribution", "Trigonometry", "Vectors"]}, {"name": "Physics (9702)", "topics": ["Physical Quantities and Units", "Kinematics", "Dynamics", "Forces, Density, and Pressure", "Work, Energy, and Power", "Deformation of Solids", "Waves", "Superposition", "Electricity", "D.C. Circuits", "Particle Physics", "Newtonian Mechanics and Momentum", "Thermodynamics", "Oscillations and Waves", "Electric and Magnetic Fields", "Gravitation", "Capacitors and RC Circuits", "Magnetic Fields and Forces", "Alternating Current and R.M.S. Values", "Nuclear Physics", "Special Relativity", "Wave-Particle Duality"]}, {"name": "Chemistry (9701)", "topics": ["Atomic Structure", "Atoms, Molecules, and Stoichiometry", "Chemical Bonding", "States of Matter", "Chemical Energetics", "Electrochemistry", "Equilibria", "Reaction Kinetics", "The Periodic Table: Chemical Periodicity", "Group 2", "Group 17", "Nitrogen and Sulfur", "Introduction to AS Level Organic Chemistry", "Hydrocarbons", "Halogen Compounds", "Hydroxy Compounds", "Carbonyl Compounds", "Carboxylic Acids and Derivatives", "Nitrogen Compounds", "Polymerisation", "Organic Synthesis"]}, {"name": "Biology (9700)", "topics": ["Cell Structure", "Biological Molecules", "Enzymes", "Cell Membranes and Transport", "The Mitotic Cell Cycle", "Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis", "Transport in Plants", "Transport in Mammals", "Gas Exchange", "Infectious Diseases", "Immunity", "Energy and Respiration", "Photosynthesis", "Homeostasis", "Control and Coordination", "Inheritance", "Selection and Evolution", "Biodiversity, Classification, and Conservation", "Genetic Technology"]}, {"name": "Computer Science (9618)", "topics": ["Information Representation", "Communication", "Hardware", "Processor Fundamentals", "System Software", "Security, Privacy, and Data Integrity", "Ethics and Ownership", "Databases", "Algorithm Design and Problem-solving", "Data Types and Structures", "Programming", "Software Development"]}, {"name": "Computer Science (9608)", "topics": ["Data Representation \u0026 Binary Systems", "Communication \u0026 Networks", "Hardware \u0026 Virtual Machines", "System Software \u0026 Security", "Processor Architecture \u0026 Assembly", "Data Structures \u0026 Algorithms", "Programming Concepts \u0026 OOP", "Database Design \u0026 SQL", "Boolean Algebra \u0026 Logic Gates", "Software Development Lifecycle", "Problem Solving \u0026 Program Design", "Web Technologies \u0026 Standards"]}, {"name": "Economics (9708)", "topics": ["Basic Economic Principles", "Demand and Supply Analysis", "Elasticity of Demand and Supply", "Market Structures and Types", "Consumer and Producer Surplus", "Labor Market", "Macroeconomic Indicators", "National Income Accounting", "Fiscal and Monetary Policy", "Inflation, Unemployment, and Growth", "International Trade and Balance of Payments", "Economic Development and Sustainability", "Market Failure and Government Intervention"]}, {"name": "Accounting (9706)", "topics": ["Basic Accounting Principles", "Double-Entry Bookkeeping", "Preparation of Financial Statements", "Non-current Assets", "Inventory Valuation", "Financial Ratios", "Bank Reconciliation", "Depreciation and Amortization", "Control Accounts", "Incorporated Business Accounts", "Partnership Accounts", "Costing and Budgeting"]}, {"name": "Psychology (9990)", "topics": ["Research Methods and Ethics", "Biological Bases of Behavior", "Cognitive Psychology", "Developmental Psychology", "Social Psychology", "Abnormal Psychology", "Personality Theories", "Psychological Disorders", "Treatment Approaches", "Memory and Learning", "Motivation and Emotion", "Cross-Cultural Psychology"]}, {"name": "Sociology (9699)", "topics": ["Sociological Perspectives", "Social Institutions", "Culture and Society", "Social Stratification", "Family and Marriage", "Education Systems", "Crime and Deviance", "Social Change", "Gender and Society", "Globalization", "Research Methods in Sociology", "Power and Politics"]}, {"name": "Information Technology (9626)", "topics": ["Database Design and Management", "Networking Fundamentals", "Web Technologies", "System Analysis and Design", "Computer Hardware", "Software Development Methodologies", "Information Systems Management", "Cybersecurity Principles", "Cloud Computing", "Data Analytics", "User Interface Design", "Emerging Technology Trends"]}, {"name": "Art and Design (9479)", "topics": ["Visual Language and Communication", "Drawing and Observational Skills", "Experimental Media", "Digital Design Techniques", "Art History and Context", "Conceptual Development", "Printmaking", "Photography", "3D Design and Sculpture", "Color Theory and Application", "Portfolio Development", "Critical and Contextual Studies"]}, {"name": "English Literature (9695)", "topics": ["Poetry Analysis", "Prose Interpretation", "Drama Study", "Comparative Literature", "Literary Theories", "Historical and Cultural Contexts", "Close Reading Techniques", "Narrative Structures", "Critical Writing", "World Literature", "Genre Studies", "Literary Criticism"]}, {"name": "Geography (9696)", "topics": ["Physical Geography", "Human Geography", "Population Dynamics", "Climate and Weather", "Geomorphological Processes", "Economic Geography", "Environmental Issues", "Urban and Rural Settlements", "Cartography and GIS", "Resource Management", "Global Interconnections", "Fieldwork and Research Methods"]}, {"name": "Japanese (8281)", "topics": ["Basic Language Structures", "Grammar and Syntax", "Conversation Skills", "Reading Comprehension", "Writing Systems (Hiragana, Katakana, Kanji)", "Cultural Context and Communication", "Listening Comprehension", "Idiomatic Expressions", "Business Japanese", "Japanese Literature and Poetry", "Translation Techniques", "Linguistic Variations"]}, {"name": "Law (9084)", "topics": ["Legal Systems and Principles", "Constitutional Law", "Criminal Law", "Contract Law", "Tort Law", "Human Rights", "International Law", "Legal Research Methods", "Civil Procedure", "Legal Ethics", "Corporate Law", "Comparative Legal Systems"]}, {"name": "Nepal Studies (8024)", "topics": ["Nepalese History", "Political Systems", "Cultural Diversity", "Geography and Environment", "Economic Development", "Social Structures", "Indigenous Communities", "Religious Practices", "Governance and Democracy", "Foreign Relations", "Contemporary Challenges", "Arts and Literature"]}, {"name": "Urdu (8686)", "topics": ["Grammar and Language Structure", "Reading Comprehension", "Writing Skills", "Listening Comprehension", "Conversation Techniques", "Literary Analysis", "Poetry and Prose", "Cultural Context", "Translation Skills", "Idiomatic Expressions", "Linguistic Variations", "Media and Communication"]}, {"name": "Urdu (9676)", "topics": ["Advanced Grammar", "Complex Literary Analysis", "Academic Writing", "Critical Reading", "Oral Presentation Skills", "Classical Literature", "Modern Literature Trends", "Linguistic Research", "Comparative Literature", "Advanced Composition", "Historical Linguistics", "Dialectical Studies"]}]}, "NEB": {"components": ["Province 1", "Province 2", "Bagmati Province", "Gandaki Province", "Lumbini Province", "Karnali Province", "Sudurpashchim Province"], "levels": ["10", "11", "12"], "subjects": [{"name": "Compulsory Maths", "topics": ["Sets and Functions", "Algebra and Matrices", "Geometry and Coordinate Geometry", "Trigonometry and Its Applications", "Calculus (Differentiation \u0026 Integration)", "Vectors and 3D Geometry", "Statistics and Probability", "Linear Programming", "Sequences and Series", "Complex Numbers", "Indices and Logarithms", "Permutation and Combination"]}, {"name": "Optional Maths", "topics": ["Advanced Statistics", "Advanced Probability", "Discrete Mathematics", "Mathematical Reasoning", "Graph Theory", "Number Theory", "Advanced Calculus", "Mathematical Modelling", "Numerical Methods", "Boolean Algebra", "Groups and Rings", "Differential Equations"]}, {"name": "Physics", "topics": ["Mechanics and Properties of Matter", "Heat and Thermodynamics", "Wave Motion and Sound", "Optics and Optical Instruments", "Electricity and Magnetism", "Modern Physics", "Electronics", "Nuclear Physics", "Quantum Physics", "Relativity", "Solid State Physics", "Astronomy and Cosmology"]}, {"name": "Chemistry", "topics": ["Atomic Structure and Chemical Bonding", "States of Matter", "Redox Reactions and Electrochemistry", "Chemical Equilibrium", "Chemical Kinetics", "Periodic Table and Elements", "Organic Chemistry and Functional Groups", "Polymers and Biomolecules", "Environmental Chemistry", "Industrial Chemistry", "Coordination Compounds", "Surface Chemistry and Catalysis"]}, {"name": "Biology", "topics": ["Cell Biology and Biomolecules", "Genetics and Evolution", "Ecology and Environment", "Human Anatomy and Physiology", "Plant Anatomy and Physiology", "Biodiversity and Conservation", "Biotechnology and Its Applications", "Microbiology", "Developmental Biology", "Applied Biology", "Animal Behavior", "Molecular Biology"]}, {"name": "English", "topics": ["Reading Comprehension", "Writing Skills and Essays", "Grammar and Usage", "Literature and Poetry", "Short Stories and Drama", "Business Communication", "Technical Writing", "Speaking and Listening", "Critical Analysis", "Academic Writing", "Creative Writing", "Research Writing"]}, {"name": "Nepali", "topics": ["Vyakaran (Grammar)", "Sahitya (Literature)", "Kabita (Poetry)", "Katha (Stories)", "Upanyas (Novel)", "Nibandha (Essays)", "Nataka (Drama)", "Rachana (Composition)", "Byabaharik Lekhan (Practical Writing)", "Bhasa Vigyan (Linguistics)", "Lok Sahitya (Folk Literature)", "Aalochana (Literary Criticism)"]}, {"name": "Computer", "topics": ["Programming Fundamentals", "Object-Oriented Programming", "Database Management Systems", "Web Development", "Data Structures and Algorithms", "Computer Networks", "Operating Systems", "Software Engineering", "Computer Architecture", "Cyber Security", "Mobile Application Development", "Artificial Intelligence Basics"]}, {"name": "Accounts", "topics": ["Basic Accounting Concepts", "Financial Accounting", "Cost Accounting", "Management Accounting", "Company Accounts", "Partnership Accounts", "Taxation", "Auditing", "Financial Statement Analysis", "Budgeting and Forecasting", "Banking Transactions", "Computerized Accounting"]}, {"name": "Economics", "topics": ["Basic Economic Concepts", "Microeconomics", "Macroeconomics", "International Economics", "Development Economics", "Public Finance", "Money and Banking", "Statistical Methods", "Nepalese Economy", "Environmental Economics", "Labor Economics", "Agricultural Economics"]}]}}